Request Tutoring Info
Please enter name
Please enter email
Please enter phone
Please enter details
Colcord STAAR Science tutors

Book Top-Rated STAAR Science Tutors Near Me In Colcord, WV

Our Colcord STAAR Science tutors are top college students and graduates from local area universities. They have an average GPA of 3.5 or higher in their areas of tutoring specialization. At Frog Tutoring, we work with students in all grade levels and our Colcord private STAAR Science tutors provide customized one on one in-home tutoring through our proven three step approach to academic success.

1.Bring student up to speed by reviewing past work to ensure they are not missing any important concepts that might affect their abilities to learn future lessons. 2. Keep student ahead of the class by using the teachers lesson plan, textbook, and online curriculum to cover lessons before it is taught in class. 2. Reinforce key concepts they might have missed. This ensures they will never be behind again. Your tutor will also help with organization, study skills, and note taking strategies.
Your Colcord area STAAR Science tutor will also track student progress through detailed session reports which will be available to you at the end of each tutoring session. If it is okay with you, your tutor will contact your child's teacher, for K-12, to get a more detailed understanding of what they are struggling with and also to make sure that he/she and the teacher are both on the same page in their approach to tackling the problem.

Browse our list of qualified STAAR Science tutors below. If you are in need of an STAAR Science tutor in Colcord, please call us or simply go to the tab above and Request a Tutor and let us help provide the understanding and assistance needed for success.

Read more... Read less
cnn cbs boston miami fox news

List of High-Achieving STAAR Science Tutors Near Me In Colcord, WV For In-Person & Online Tutoring


How it works

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Request any tutor by submitting a form

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Speak with our enrollment advisor to get your questions answered

tutors, tutoring, tutoring service, tutoring services, homework help, private tutors, home tutors

Get connected with your private in-person or online tutor

Our Students and Parents Love Us
as Much as We Love Them

">
CK
Knowledge
Presentation

Janelle has been absolutely phenomenal! She is tremendously skilled at presenting and explaining material and extremely patient. She is clearly very dedicated to maximizing success of students, even when the student starts at the very bottom!

">
M.
Knowledge
Presentation

Very knowledgeable, patient, and a good teacher!

">
M.
Knowledge
Presentation

Very kind and helpful tutor! Came prepared to teach each lesson and answered all of my questions.

">
M.
Knowledge
Presentation

Very knowledgeable of the content (Calculus 1), and took the time to explain the theory in detail.

">
JO
Knowledge
Presentation

Janelle was very knowledgeable and professional.

">
Q.
Knowledge
Presentation

great tutor! very knowledgeable!

">
CB
Knowledge
Presentation

She was amazing and really helped me understand organic chemistry!!

">
CK
Knowledge
Presentation

After just two sessions, I knew working with Ms. Siddig was the right choice. She has given me the confidence that with lots of hard work and practice outside of the classroom, I can indeed learn Arabic. I very much appreciate her teaching style, which is both engaging and challenging.

">
CA
Knowledge
Presentation

Janelle is very helpful, she makes sure you understand the subject before moving on! she goes at your pace and has great resources to help you outside of sessions! Janelle is smart and compassionate and has helped me a ton to improve my grade and confidence!

">
LC
Knowledge
Presentation

Fantastic!

">
TC
Knowledge
Presentation

I highly recommend Ms. Olivia! She patient and understanding with her students.

">
DE
Knowledge
Presentation

very helpful and nice. offers great feedback. very understanding

">
LT
Knowledge
Presentation

Rosemary has been instrumental in my daughter's achievements in her sophomore year of high school. My daughter was in honors chemistry and had a teacher who simply did not teach. She found herself trying to teach herself chemistry, and she was struggling. Rosmemary acted as a teacher during...

">
DJ
Knowledge
Presentation

Chandelle is very friendly and thorough, taking the time to put together a well-structured lesson plan. She is definitely worth your time if you need science tutoring.

">
DJ
Knowledge
Presentation

She is excellent and provides plenty of material, going the extra mile to upload any necessary documents or materials to a Google Drive so you can view them later.

">
DM
Knowledge
Presentation

thank you

">
DM
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}Nancy is an excellent and patient tutor

">
BS
Knowledge
Presentation

My daughter Scarlet isn't easy to reach between being shy, having ADHD and being slightly on the spectrum -- not to mention truly lost when it comes to math. But Taylor was incredibly patient and imparted her knowledge with soft-spoken grace and guidance. I'm grateful for how they worked...

">
RT
Knowledge
Presentation

Mr Gregory is very kind and down to earth. He has a lot of patience for my easily distracted child and has helped him with his reading significantly over the past few months.

">
YV
Knowledge
Presentation

Very kind and knowledgeable, worked with me very well, and helped me focus on my weaknesses and then build on top of them.

">
SP
Knowledge
Presentation

AWESOME! Goes above and beyond and has helped my daughter tremendously. Can't recommend her enough. Thanks Lorelei!!

">
AB
Knowledge
Presentation

Jessica is extremely knowledgable and a great instructor in getting people prepared for the bar exam. Jessica greatly improved my writing over the course of our time together and helped give me the confidence I needed going into test day.

Jessica had a very organized plan in helping me get...

">
IB
Knowledge
Presentation

Rosemary was helpful and nice, however I feel as if her teaching style didn't align with my class and materials.

">
DJ
Knowledge
Presentation

I’ve had the pleasure of working with Kayla for 10 weeks and I can confidently say she is a great tutor in Radiography/ARRT preparation. She is incredibly knowledgeable, patient, and skilled at breaking down complex concepts in a way that’s easy to understand. Within those 10 weeks I have...

">
KC
Knowledge
Presentation

Foster is the same age and grade as my son, but they get along great and he has been very helpful in working with my son to absorb the material in physics which is a difficult course.

We are a few weeks into his tutoring and he is doing great.

">
MN
Knowledge
Presentation

FRANZ IS A VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE TUTOR.

">
MN
Knowledge
Presentation

He is a very competent and patient teacher.

">
BD
Knowledge
Presentation

Highly recommended!
Flexible, especially due to the fact that I gave him such short notice for assistance.
Very knowledgeable and appreciated his calm way of teaching.
Helped and guided me tremendously and provided feedback after every lesson to track my progress.

">
JB
Knowledge
Presentation

If anyone looking for a tutor Greg is your guy. He has made great success with my daughter and she is very pleased. From where she started and until now I would recommend Greg to anyone

">
TG
Knowledge
Presentation

Clara has connected well with my daughter. Clara teaches and encourages. She has makes the material easier to understand. My daughter looks forward to their sessions.

">
LW
Knowledge
Presentation

Amanda is awesome with my son! She is patient and allows him to talk, but she is good at redirecting him back to the lessons. She presents things in a fun way which is great because tutoring is not something he dreads. His reading and confidence are improving. Overall, I think her style is a good...

">
RB
Knowledge
Presentation

very very knowledgable of content and genetics

">
SD
Knowledge
Presentation

FOR the past 3 months I've had the wonderful privilege of working with Alexander Ounjian from Frog Tutoring. Alexander tutored my 10 years old grandchildren. He's very engaging and makes learning fun and exciting for children. I like that he is detail oriented and focused on those...

">
AB
Knowledge
Presentation

She is very well informed and Helpful!

">
JS
Knowledge
Presentation

Izzy was a great tutor. She clearly knew the subject matter.

">
AS
Knowledge
Presentation

I cannot comment much because we only worked together for one session. Unfortunately, the time frame we needed her became an issue early on so we were able to switch. The session we did have, she seemed very nice and knowledgeable.

">
P.
Knowledge
Presentation

He was helpful in building my confidence of the subject and getting all my work complete

">
RS
Knowledge
Presentation

Christopher was very intelligent and likable.

">
MB
Knowledge
Presentation

My daughter and I love Savannah! She is so knowledgeable and sweet, and comes up with amazing lessons on a whim. She is so creative in thinking outside the box.

">
DM
Knowledge
Presentation

Mercedes is an excellent fit for my granddaughter. She has the knowledge and patience that is required to help a child learn. thank you

">
PH
Knowledge
Presentation

An excellent tutor and a kind individual who is dedicated to helping you understand any challenging material!

">
AP
Knowledge
Presentation

Dr. Jide is incredible! He has worked with my daughter for several weeks helping her prepare for the ACT. He is very knowledgeable and explains the math concepts very well. My daughter's confidence has definitely increased. We are appreciative of his kindness and support.

">
KM
Knowledge
Presentation

Would recommend to anyone. Not only has she helped out with my classes but is also very knowledgeable about the ARRT. Flexible and helpful in many ways. Great tutor/instructor/person. I feel extremely confident on passing the ARRT with her as a tutor.

">
JN
Knowledge
Presentation

Robert has been excellent and extremely helpful to my son. He is also flexible and has been willing to meet with my son prior to his exams for tutoring. MY son started the semester with a D and has increased his to a B. Thank you Robert!

">
TA
Knowledge
Presentation

Alex has thoroughly enjoyed the sessions and found them to be very helpful. I am really happy with the feedback and the communication. Wouldn't hesitate to recommend.

">
JY
Knowledge
Presentation

Rosemary was super helpful going over some of the concepts that were tricky, and helped explain the content well.

">
HM
Knowledge
Presentation

Super helpful and willing to adjust to my learning habits. I really enjoy our time working together as the preparation from her end is very noticeable and appreciated.

">
LC
Knowledge
Presentation

Great tutoring session!

">
JC
Knowledge
Presentation

Sarah is our 5th tutor we have used on Frog tutoring. In just one short month of tutoring my child with ADHD, she has improved his math grade from a C to an A-!! We are so happy for the progress our child has made with Sarah’s help, and we will definitely continue to use her as our child’s...

">
JL
Knowledge
Presentation

{not commented yet}The sessions are going well and I am understanding the material . The information is clear , which I love.

Qualification and Certification of STAAR Science Tutors Near Me In Colcord, WV


  • Undergraduate
  • Bachelor degree holders
  • Master degree holders
  • Ph.D. holders
  • Teaching Certification
  • Professional Certificate
  • Background checks
  • Tutoring experience
  • Continuous education
  • FrogTutoring verification certification

Colcord, WV STAAR Science Tutoring Rates


  • Price range from $37/hr - $65/hr
  • Rates vary based on the type of tutoring, methods used, and the number of hours required.
  • Contact our enrollment team to receive your personalized rate.

Tutoring Methods of Our Private Tutors In Colcord, WV


  • In-person/in-home tutoring
  • Online tutoring
  • One-on-one tutoring
  • Group lessons tutoring.

Tools We Use For Online STAAR Science Tutoring


  • Zoom
  • FrogTutoring custom online tutoring platform
  • The Lesson space

Our STAAR Science Clientele In Colcord, WV


  • High school students
  • Middle school students
  • College students
  • Adults
  • Special needs students

Tutoring Locations For STAAR Science In Colcord, WV


  • Student homes
  • Public Libraries
  • Colcord neighborhoods and suburbs

Sign up now for our one-on-one private STAAR Science tutoring in Colcord, WV


Colcord, WV Tutoring FAQ

What are the benefits of hiring a tutor in Colcord, WV?

Hiring a tutor in Colcord, WV, has several benefits, including providing personalized learning plans, offering one-on-one attention to target specific areas of difficulty, improving academic performance, boosting confidence, and helping with homework and test preparation. At FrogTutoring, our experienced tutors are dedicated to tailoring their teaching methods to suit each student's unique needs and learning style.

How do I find a qualified tutor in Colcord, WV?

To find a qualified tutor in Colcord, WV, you can ask for recommendations from local schools or educators, search online tutoring platforms, or contact specialized services like FrogTutoring. FrogTutoring offers a rigorous selection process to ensure all of our tutors are experienced, well-qualified, and have a passion for teaching, making it easier for you to find a trusted and proficient tutor for your needs.

Are there local tutoring services for standardized test prep in Colcord, WV?

Yes, there are local tutoring services in Colcord, WV that provide standardized test prep. One such service is FrogTutoring, which offers comprehensive preparation programs for exams like the SAT, ACT, and GRE. Our tutors use up-to-date materials and personalized strategies to help students maximize their test scores.

Can tutoring help with special education needs in Colcord, WV?

Tutoring can be extremely beneficial for students with special education needs in Colcord, WV. Tutors like those from FrogTutoring are equipped to create customized learning plans that accommodate the individual challenges and learning styles of students with special needs, ensuring that they receive the support necessary to succeed academically.

What subjects are offered by tutors in Colcord, WV?

Tutors in Colcord, WV offer a wide range of subjects including, but not limited to, mathematics, science, English, foreign languages, and social studies. At FrogTutoring, we have tutors specialized in various academic disciplines, ensuring that students can find expert guidance in virtually any subject area they require assistance with.

How can I assess the effectiveness of a tutoring program in Colcord, WV?

To assess the effectiveness of a tutoring program in Colcord, WV, look for improvements in the student's academic performance, increased comprehension of the subject matter, a higher level of confidence, and positive feedback from the student and teachers. FrogTutoring provides regular progress reports and assessments to help parents and students gauge their improvement and ensure the tutoring methods are yielding positive results.

Are online tutoring options available in Colcord, WV?

Online tutoring options are readily available in Colcord, WV. Services like FrogTutoring offer virtual tutoring sessions that provide the same personalized, one-on-one learning experience as in-person sessions, with the added convenience and flexibility of learning from any location with internet access.

STAAR Science FAQ

What is covered in STAAR Science tutoring?

STAAR Science tutoring typically covers key concepts and standards required by the Texas Education Agency for the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR). This includes scientific investigation and reasoning, matter and energy, force, motion, and energy, earth and space, organisms and environments, and preparation for grade-specific assessments.

How can STAAR Science tutors help improve student performance?

STAAR Science tutors can help improve student performance by tailoring their teaching approach to individual learning styles, addressing knowledge gaps, offering practice questions and tests, and teaching test-taking strategies to build confidence and enhance problem-solving skills.

Are online STAAR Science tutoring sessions effective?

Online STAAR Science tutoring sessions can be very effective if they provide interactive and personalized learning experiences. With tools such as video conferencing, digital whiteboards, and shared resources, students can engage with tutors in real-time and access materials that cater to their learning needs.

What grades require STAAR Science assessments?

In Texas, students are required to take the STAAR Science assessments in 5th grade, 8th grade, and once at the high school level, typically in Biology. These assessments evaluate students' understanding of the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) for science.

How often should students attend STAAR Science tutoring sessions?

The frequency of STAAR Science tutoring sessions should be based on individual student needs. For effective learning and retention, it's recommended that students attend sessions regularly, such as once or twice a week, especially as they near the date of the STAAR Science assessment.

Common Questions on STAAR Science Tutors

What is the STAAR Science Test?

The State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) Science Test is a standardized test that assesses the science knowledge and understanding of students in grades 5, 8, and high school. It covers various topics, including physical science, life science, and Earth and space science. The exam evaluates students' abilities to use scientific reasoning, apply knowledge, and interpret data within the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) curriculum standards. Click here to request a tutor or learn more about our services.

How can a STAAR Science Tutor help my child?

A STAAR Science Tutor can provide personalized instruction to help your child understand complex science topics, develop critical thinking skills, and improve test-taking strategies. Tutors can focus on areas where your child may need additional support, provide practice with STAAR-style questions, and teach methods to manage time effectively during the test. This individualized approach enhances your child’s confidence and performance on the STAAR Science Test. Click here to request a tutor or learn more about our services.

What topics are covered by STAAR Science tutors?

STAAR Science tutors cover topics aligned with the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) standards for each grade level. For grade 5, topics include matter and energy, force, motion, Earth systems, and organisms. Grade 8 expands on these with concepts like atomic structure, energy transformations, and genetics. High school subjects can vary based on the specific course, such as Biology, Chemistry, or Physics, including cell structure, chemical reactions, and Newton's laws, among others. Click here to request a tutor or learn more about our services.

How do I choose the best STAAR Science tutor for my child?

Choose a STAAR Science tutor with experience in teaching or tutoring the relevant science subjects and familiarity with the STAAR format. Consider a tutor’s qualifications, teaching style, and ability to connect with your child. It's important to select a tutor who can tailor their approach to your child's specific needs and learning style. Frog Tutoring offers a selection of qualified tutors to match your child's requirements. Click here to request a tutor or learn more about our services.

When should we start preparing for the STAAR Science Test?

Preparation should begin several months before the STAAR Science Test date to allow sufficient time to thoroughly cover all the necessary material and practice test-taking strategies. Starting early helps to reduce stress, identify knowledge gaps, and ensure a comprehensive understanding of the topics covered. Of course, the exact timing can vary based on your child's current proficiency and confidence in science. Click here to request a tutor or learn more about our services.

What are the benefits of online STAAR Science tutoring?

Online STAAR Science tutoring offers flexibility, convenience, and access to a broader range of tutors regardless of location. It provides a personalized learning environment with digital tools that can enhance the educational experience. Students can learn from the comfort of their own homes and schedule sessions around their existing commitments. Additionally, online tutoring often includes access to a variety of resources and practice materials. Click here to request a tutor or learn more about our services.

Colcord, WV Neighborhoods We Service

As a small unincorporated community nestled in the heart of West Virginia, Colcord might not boast distinct "neighborhoods" as larger cities do. However, for those looking to find the charm and local flavors of this area, the community can be thought of as encompassing various sectors, each with its own unique flair.

  1. Downtown Colcord - At the center of the community pulse is Downtown Colcord, a hub that might include a few local businesses, the post office, and perhaps a central gathering spot where locals often catch up on community news.

  2. Mountview Estates - This serene area, characterized by its scenic vistas, can be considered where the residential heartbeat of Colcord lies. The homes here are typically surrounded by the lush greenery that West Virginia is renowned for.

  3. Riverside - Along the edges of Colcord runs a waterway that provides life to the community. Riverside could denote the homes and spaces that sit along this natural feature, where the sound of water serves as a backdrop to daily life.

  4. Colcord Heights - The rolling hills around Colcord give rise to elevated locales that might be referred to as Colcord Heights. This area offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes and often features homes with more spacious lands.

  5. Coal Country - Paying homage to the rich mining history of West Virginia, this sector recognizes the heritage of Colcord, where the coal industry once thrived and where many families have roots that run deep through the mines.

  6. The Crossroads - At the intersection of the main thoroughfares, there's The Crossroads, a spot where the community often intersects for travel, commerce, and socializing, and where multiple directions lead to various parts of Colcord and beyond.

Please note, Colcord, WV, being an unincorporated community, likely does not have official delineations of neighborhoods as one might find in larger urban centers. The designations above are a creative representation meant to evoke the essence and subdivisions of a small, close-knit community rather than actual administrative divisions.

The spirit of Colcord can be found in the everyday interactions, the shared experiences of its residents, and the intimate connection to the surrounding natural beauty. It is a place where everybody knows each other, where community ties are strong, and where life moves at a pace that allows for appreciation of the simpler pleasures. Whether one is visiting or looking to plant roots, Colcord offers a slice of the genuine Americana that is increasingly rare to find.

About Colcord, WV And It’s Education Institutions

Colcord, West Virginia is a small unincorporated community nestled in the rolling hills of Raleigh County. While Colcord may not be abundant in traditional landmarks, the natural beauty of the area itself serves as a landmark to both locals and visitors. The scenic landscape, with its verdant forests and serene waterways, provides an idyllic backdrop to the everyday life in Colcord. As a place steeped in coal mining history, Colcord embodies the rugged and resilient spirit of West Virginia's past. Although there are no grand monuments to mark its history, the stories and heritage of the people who have called this place home are etched into the community's fabric.

Education in Colcord is served by the Raleigh County School District, with local children typically attending nearby public schools in the county. While there may not be a vast selection of private educational institutions within the immediate vicinity of Colcord, families value the close-knit community learning environment provided by schools such as Independence High School and Marsh Fork Elementary. Educational resources are further bolstered by programs and initiatives designed to support students, including literacy projects and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) curriculum enhancements. These endeavors aim to prepare students for a successful future, whether in higher education or the workforce.

Founded during the coal boom of the early 20th century, Colcord has seen its population fluctuate with the tides of the coal industry. As of my knowledge cutoff in 2023, Colcord's population remains small, reflecting the broader patterns of rural Appalachia's demographic changes. There are no universities within Colcord itself; however, residents seeking higher education opportunities may turn to institutions in nearby cities. The absence of a Colcord Independent School District (ISD) means that educational administration falls under the broader jurisdiction of the county's school system. Despite the lack of an ISD or universities in Colcord, the community's strength lies in its resilience and the mutual support of its residents.

Students at These Colcord, WV Schools Excel with Our Tutoring

Please note that Colcord, West Virginia is a small unincorporated community, and as such, it may not have a large number of schools, especially up to twenty, neither private nor public, directly within its vicinity. However, students from Colcord often attend schools in the surrounding Raleigh County or nearby counties. Below is a sample list of schools from the larger area that includes Raleigh County and surrounding regions. Students from these schools have benefited from our tutoring services, although this is not an exhaustive list of all the educational institutions in the area.

Shady Spring High School - A public school serving grades 9-12, Shady Spring High School is committed to fostering a productive and inclusive educational environment.

Independence High School - Independence High School, catering to students from 9th to 12th grade, focuses on academic excellence and character development.

Woodrow Wilson High School - Known for its diverse curriculum, Woodrow Wilson High School offers a wide range of programs for students in grades 9 through 12.

Beckley Elementary School - An institution for young learners, Beckley Elementary prides itself on a nurturing and dynamic learning environment for grades PK-5.

Crescent Elementary School - As a primary school, Crescent Elementary School provides a strong educational foundation for students in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade.

Park Middle School - Serving grades 6-8, Park Middle School is dedicated to helping students transition from elementary to high school with a robust academic and extracurricular program.

Greater Beckley Christian School - A private Christian school offering education from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade, focusing on academic rigor and spiritual growth.

Mountain View Christian School - This private educational institution integrates biblical principles with a strong academic program for grades PK-12.

St. Francis de Sales Catholic School - A private Catholic school that provides education from pre-K to eighth grade, emphasizing moral development alongside academics.

Hollywood Elementary School - Hollywood Elementary offers a comprehensive elementary curriculum and a variety of after-school programs for students in grades PK-5.

Please remember that the list above provides only a sample of schools whose students might have engaged with our tutoring services. The schools are chosen based on their proximity to Colcord and the likelihood of students from the area attending them. Prospective clients should research individual school websites for detailed information and to confirm service areas.

About STAAR Science & STAAR Science Tutoring

STAAR Science, which stands for State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness Science, is a standardized test administered by the Texas Education Agency to evaluate the science knowledge and understanding of students at various grade levels in accordance with the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) standards. It encompasses a variety of scientific disciplines, with a considerable focus on critical thinking, problem-solving, and the ability to apply scientific principles to real-world scenarios.

The test is divided into different strands for different grade levels, typically including STAAR Science tests at the 5th grade, 8th grade, and at the end of certain high school courses such as Biology and Chemistry. These assessments are intended to ensure that students are meeting state-defined educational standards and to provide data that can help guide teaching strategies.

Related entities to STAAR Science include the Texas Education Agency, which oversees public education in the state; educational institutions; teachers who prepare students for the exams; parents and guardians; as well as educational resource providers who supply study materials aligned with TEKS.

For students who struggle with science subjects, a multi-faceted tutoring strategy can be the most effective. This includes reinforcing concrete understanding of scientific concepts through practical applications and experiments; using diagrams, flowcharts, and visual aids to clarify complex processes; engaging students with interactive learning sessions that can boost retention; providing continuous practice with sample questions and past papers to familiarize students with the exam format; and teaching test-taking strategies that can help students to approach questions in a systematic and confident manner.

Among the most common concepts covered in STAAR Science are life science (including ecosystems and the life cycles of organisms), earth and space science (such as rock cycles, weather patterns, and the solar system), and physical science principles (encompassing energy types, forces, and motion). The most difficult concepts often involve more abstract material, such as genetics and heredity, chemical reactions, and the complexities of interdependent relationships within ecosystems.

To sum up, succeeding in STAAR Science requires a strong foundation in a broad spectrum of topics. It also demands the ability to analyze and apply knowledge in a testing environment. Tailored tutoring, focused on individual student needs and maintaining alignment with TEKS standards, is crucial for struggling learners to improve and ultimately excel in their understanding of science.